跨文化言语交际中的语用策略

跨文化交际系指不同文化背景的人们之间进行的言语或非言语交际行为,它在国际和民族间的交流、交往和合作中起着举足轻重的作用.鉴于文化上的差异,在交际行为中产生语用失误并造成交际障碍和失败的情况时有发生,语用策略的选择势在必行.本文从言语交际的礼貌得体本质、语用策略选择的"面子"理据和语用策略选择的文化属性特征三个方面对跨文化言语交际中的语用策略做出了阐述.     

钢筋混凝土空心剪力墙弯剪受力性能试验研究

通过对3个钢筋混凝土空心剪力墙弯剪试件在低周反复水平荷载作用下的试验研究，探讨了两种不同配筋试件的破坏机理、变形特征、截面钢筋的应变情况及其极限承栽能力。试验结果分析表明，墙端无暗柱的剪力墙发生承载力很低的脆性破坏。在空心剪力墙端部设置暗柱可以明显提高墙的承载力和延性。，文中给出带暗柱空心剪力墙截面承载力的计算方法，计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

多状态劣化系统的运行指标分析

研究了多状态系统的故障诊断和检测策略，在此基础上，给出了该系统的一些新的可靠性指标和运行指标。     

单向机织物增强复合材料层合梁弯曲破坏规律

五组单向机织物增强层合梁的弯曲实验表明：层合梁的最大弯曲强度通常并不对应于最后一层破坏时的荷载；铺设角不同的层合梁达到最大承载力时，破坏并不发生在同一层，且总的破坏层数和对应位移都不相同，其破坏形式可以定性预测．研究还表明：根据实测的单层板的非线性本构关系和强度指标，运用经典层合梁理论，可以对非弯扭耦合层合梁的最大承载力和挠度进行预测．     

Left-lateral shear deformation found in southern part of the Gaoligong range in west Yunnan and its tectonic implications

It is generally understood that the Tertiary structural deformation in the Gaoligong range in west Yunnan was under the control of right-lateral shear, resulting from the northward movement of Indian relative to Eurasian. In the southern part of Gaoligong range, however, we have recently found many pieces of evidence of left-lateral shear deformation, featuring a 10 km wide shear zone cutting through all tectonic elements of the range in N-S direction, which possibly occurred in late Tertiary time, and postdated the right-lateral shear. This is a significant discovery for revealing characteristics of the Tertiary intracontinental deformation of the Gaoligong range and the interaction between the Indian and the Eurasian continents.     

双向地震耦合作用对基础摩擦隔震结构的影响

采用多质点层间剪切型模型,建立了基础摩擦隔震多层砌体结构在水平与竖向耦合地震作用下的运动微分方程及滑动与啮合状态判别准则·通过数值计算,分析了竖向地震作用对隔震结构的影响,研究表明,竖向地震作用的存在,使隔震结构下部各层,特别是首层的层间位移,层间剪力增加,隔震层加速度增加,且随地震烈度,竖向加速度峰值增大而增加,并使隔震层的滑动位移幅值有增大的可能·建议在高烈度震区考虑竖向地震作用对结构反应的影响·     

时间相关的含缺陷材料的流变破坏理论

含缺陷物体的与时间相关的失效过程是一个热力学开放的，远离平衡态的系统，失效过程中发生耗散结构的自组织现象，不同尺度上耗散结构的自相似性可供从微观过度到细观和宏观，基于缺陷演化过程国局域温度场和热磁效应的实验研究，从统一的宏、细、微观层次体系出发。研究了与时间相关的缺陷体的失效过程，结果表明。这个失效过程并非纯力学过程，其中的热力耦合和热磁效应不容忽略。     

考虑中间主应力影响时条形地基极限承载力公式

基于Mohr-Coulomb理论的地基极限承载力公式，没有考虑中间主应力的影响．利用双剪强度理论建立了考虑中间主应力影响时的地基极限承载力公式．推导了凝聚力和基础两侧土的超载影响及自重作用影响的理论公式．以条形基础为例，计算了考虑中间主应力对地基极限承载力的影响．研究结果表明，考虑中间主应力影响，地基极限承载力将提高．     

腐蚀管线的剩余寿命预测

预测管线的腐蚀变化趋势及腐蚀对管线结构完整性的危害是评价管线剩余寿命的关键步骤。将影响管线剩余寿命的各种因素看成是分布各异的随机变量 ,建立了预测管线失效的概率数学模型。利用这一模型 ,研究了腐蚀速率、缺陷深度、管道壁厚和工作压力等因素对管线可靠性的影响。结果表明 ,各参数的不确定性越大 ,管线的可靠性越低 ;缺陷深度在腐蚀缺陷形成初期 ,对管线的可靠性有很大影响 ,而随着时间的推移 ,腐蚀速率将对管线的可靠性有较大影响。对一条输油管线 ,基于管线腐蚀检测数据 ,对 1km长度的管道进行失效概率统计分析得到的腐蚀速率能够对管线全线的安全状况做出合理预测 ,从而为管线的进一步维修与检测提供参考资料。     

Instability of the shear layer in the near wake of a circular cylinder

The instability of the shear layer separated from a circular cylinder is studied with the Reynolds number (Re) of 3000～104 by numerically solving the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. In the wake of the cylinder, primary vortex shedding with natural frequency fs occurs, and the instability of the shear layer with frequency ft develops, which leads to mixing layer eddies and interacts with the primary shedding vortices. However, there remains some uncertainties regarding to the variation of the shear layer characteristic frequency with the Reynolds number. Based on the previous experimental work, several relationships of ft/fs with Re has been proposed including ft/fs～Re0.5 by Bloor, ft/fs～Re0.87 by Wei and Smith and ft/fs～Re0.67 by Prasad and Williamson. The objective of this study is to predict reasonably the relation of the shear layer instability frequency with the Reynolds number based on the present accurate calculation with the high-order schemes and high-resolution spectrum analysis. According to our calculated results, a variation for the normalized shear-layer frequency of the form ft/fs～Re0.69 is predicted numerically, which is in good agreement with a recent experimental measurement of Re0.67 and physical prediction of Re0.7.